# baseURI: http://visualartsdna.org/model/
# imports: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core
# prefix: vad
# Creative Works for the Visual Arts (CWVA)
# =============================================================================
# CWVA v4.0.0 - Merged with Art Production Ontology (APO)
# =============================================================================
#
# MAJOR CHANGES IN v4.0.0:
# 1. Removed vad:Medium - replaced with vad:ArtForm (from APO) as subclass of ArtRealization
# 2. Merged CWVA Medium subclasses into APO ArtForm hierarchy
# 3. Merged CWVA ArtMaterial with APO ArtMaterial hierarchy
# - vad:Binder replaced by vad:BindingAgent (from APO)
# - vad:Substrate replaced by vad:Support (from APO)
# 4. Added APO Technique, Tool, Process hierarchies under ArtProduction
# 5. CWVA Process subclasses NOT used - APO Process hierarchy used instead
#
# Merge reasoning documented in TTL comments throughout.
# =============================================================================
@prefix vad: .
@prefix dc: .
@prefix dce: .
@prefix foaf: .
@prefix owl: .
@prefix rdf: .
@prefix rdfs: .
@prefix schema: .
@prefix skos: .
@prefix xsd: .
@prefix the: .
vad:
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
rdfs:label "Information model for the Visual Arts" ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
dc:title "Information Model for the Visual Arts" ;
dce:title "Information Model for the Visual Arts" ;
dc:description "CWVA organizes the visual arts creative process into an information model. Version 4.0.0 integrates the Art Production Ontology (APO) to disambiguate medium/media terminology. Visit visualartsdna.org for more information." ;
dce:description "CWVA organizes the visual arts creative process into an information model. Version 4.0.0 integrates the Art Production Ontology (APO) to disambiguate medium/media terminology." ;
dc:date "2026-02-17"^^xsd:date ;
dce:date "2026-02-17"^^xsd:date ;
dc:issued "2021-07-16"^^xsd:date ;
dc:modified "2026-02-17"^^xsd:date ;
dc:contributor ;
dce:contributor ;
dc:creator ;
dce:creator ;
dc:publisher ;
dce:publisher ;
dc:license ;
dc:rights ;
dce:rights ;
rdfs:comment "A proposed creative-process domain ontology for the visual arts. V4.0.0 merges APO to disambiguate 'medium' and 'media' terminology." ;
owl:versionIRI ;
schema:version "4.0.0" ;
owl:versionInfo "4.0.0" ;
owl:incompatibleWith
.
# =============================================================================
# TOP-LEVEL CLASS HIERARCHY (PRESERVED FROM CWVA)
# =============================================================================
vad:Art
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:label "Art" ;
rdfs:comment "The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination." ;
.
vad:VisualArts
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Visual Arts" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Art forms that create works primarily intended to be visual in nature." ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Art ;
.
vad:ArtRealization
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:VisualArts ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:label "Art Realization" ;
rdfs:comment "Through a creative process manifesting an idea in a visual form." ;
.
vad:ArtProduction
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtRealization ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:label "Art Production" ;
rdfs:comment "All of the materials, processes, techniques, and factors involved in creating visual art." ;
.
vad:CreativeWork
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtRealization ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:label "Creative work" ;
rdfs:comment "Any finished original artistic or intellectual creation in the visual arts." ;
.
# =============================================================================
# ART FORM HIERARCHY (FROM APO - REPLACES CWVA Medium)
# =============================================================================
# MERGE RATIONALE: vad:Medium was ambiguous. APO's ArtForm clearly represents
# the category of artistic expression. Placed under ArtRealization.
# =============================================================================
vad:ArtForm
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtRealization ;
rdfs:label "Art Form" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Category or channel of artistic expression. Replaces the ambiguous 'Medium' class." ;
skos:altLabel "Art Category" ;
skos:altLabel "Art Media (broad sense)" ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Medium. Subclassed under ArtRealization.
.
vad:VisualArtForm
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Visual Art Form" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The various disciplines within the visual arts." ;
.
# Painting Form hierarchy
vad:PaintingForm
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:VisualArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Painting Form" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The art of applying paint to a surface." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. Replaces vad:Painting as subclass of Medium.
.
vad:OilPainting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaintingForm ;
rdfs:label "Oil Painting" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A painting medium using pigments bound with drying oils." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Oil.
.
vad:Watercolor
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaintingForm ;
rdfs:label "Watercolor Painting" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A painting medium using pigments suspended in a water-soluble binder." ;
.
vad:AcrylicPainting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaintingForm ;
rdfs:label "Acrylic Painting" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A synthetic paint medium with acrylic polymer emulsion." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Acrylic.
.
vad:TemperaPainting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaintingForm ;
rdfs:label "Tempera Painting" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A painting medium using pigments bound with egg yolk or other emulsions." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. Parent class for EggTempera.
.
vad:EggTempera
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:TemperaPainting ;
rdfs:label "Egg Tempera" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A painting medium in which pigments are bound with egg yolk." ;
# MERGE NOTE: CWVA class preserved, now subclass of TemperaPainting.
.
vad:GouachePainting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaintingForm ;
rdfs:label "Gouache Painting" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "An opaque watercolor painting medium." ;
.
vad:EncausticPainting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaintingForm ;
rdfs:label "Encaustic Painting" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A painting technique using heated beeswax mixed with pigments." ;
.
vad:FrescoPainting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaintingForm ;
rdfs:label "Fresco Painting" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Pigments applied to wet plaster." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Fresco.
.
vad:InkWashPainting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaintingForm ;
rdfs:label "Ink Wash Painting" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "East Asian brush painting using black ink. Includes sumi-e." ;
.
vad:DigitalPainting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaintingForm ;
rdfs:label "Digital Painting" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Pictorial art made with pixels on a computer screen." ;
.
# Drawing Form hierarchy
vad:Drawing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:VisualArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Drawing Form" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A visual art form created by making marks on a surface." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Drawing as subclass of Medium.
.
vad:PencilDrawing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Drawing ;
rdfs:label "Pencil Drawing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A drawing created using graphite or colored pencils." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Pencil.
.
vad:CharcoalDrawing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Drawing ;
rdfs:label "Charcoal Drawing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A drawing created using charcoal." ;
.
vad:InkDrawing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Drawing ;
rdfs:label "Ink Drawing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A drawing created using ink with pen or brush." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Ink.
.
vad:PastelDrawing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Drawing ;
rdfs:label "Pastel Drawing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A drawing using pastel sticks." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Pastel.
.
vad:ChalkDrawing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Drawing ;
rdfs:label "Chalk Drawing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A drawing created using chalk." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Chalk.
.
vad:CrayonDrawing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Drawing ;
rdfs:label "Crayon Drawing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A drawing created using crayons." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Crayon.
.
vad:ColoredPencilDrawing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Drawing ;
rdfs:label "Colored Pencil Drawing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A drawing created using colored pencils." ;
.
vad:DigitalDrawing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Drawing ;
rdfs:label "Digital Drawing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A drawing created using digital tools." ;
.
# Printmaking Form hierarchy
vad:PrintmakingForm
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:VisualArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Printmaking Form" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Creating artworks by transferring an image from a matrix." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:PrintMaking.
.
vad:ReliefPrinting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PrintmakingForm ;
rdfs:label "Relief Printing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The raised surface of the matrix is inked." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Relief.
.
vad:Woodcut
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ReliefPrinting ;
rdfs:label "Woodcut" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Relief printing using a carved wooden block." ;
.
vad:Linocut
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ReliefPrinting ;
rdfs:label "Linocut" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Relief printing using carved linoleum." ;
.
vad:IntaglioPrinting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PrintmakingForm ;
rdfs:label "Intaglio Printing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Image incised into surface, recessed areas hold ink." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Intaglio.
.
vad:Etching
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:IntaglioPrinting ;
rdfs:label "Etching" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Intaglio technique using acid to cut into metal." ;
.
vad:Engraving
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:IntaglioPrinting ;
rdfs:label "Engraving" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Intaglio technique using a burin to cut metal." ;
.
vad:Drypoint
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:IntaglioPrinting ;
rdfs:label "Drypoint" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Intaglio technique using a needle to scratch the plate." ;
.
vad:Mezzotint
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:IntaglioPrinting ;
rdfs:label "Mezzotint" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Intaglio technique creating tonal areas by roughening plate surface." ;
.
vad:Aquatint
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:IntaglioPrinting ;
rdfs:label "Aquatint" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Intaglio technique using acid-resistant resin particles." ;
.
vad:PlanographicPrinting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PrintmakingForm ;
rdfs:label "Planographic Printing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Image created on a flat surface." ;
.
vad:Lithography
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PlanographicPrinting ;
rdfs:label "Lithography" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Based on oil and water not mixing, using stone or metal plate." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Lithograph.
.
vad:Monotype
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PlanographicPrinting ;
rdfs:label "Monotype" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A printmaking technique yielding a unique print." ;
.
vad:StencilPrinting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PrintmakingForm ;
rdfs:label "Stencil Printing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Using stencils to apply ink." ;
.
vad:Serigraphy
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:StencilPrinting ;
rdfs:label "Serigraphy" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Silkscreen printing - ink forced through a stencil on a screen." ;
skos:altLabel "Screen printing" ;
.
vad:DigitalPrintmaking
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PrintmakingForm ;
rdfs:label "Digital Printmaking" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Printmaking using digital technology." ;
.
vad:Giclee
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DigitalPrintmaking ;
rdfs:label "Giclée" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A high-quality inkjet print." ;
.
# Sculpture Form hierarchy
vad:SculptureForm
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:VisualArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Sculpture Form" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Three-dimensional art created by shaping materials." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Sculpture as subclass of Medium.
.
vad:Carving
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SculptureForm ;
rdfs:label "Carving" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Subtractive sculpture - material removed from a block." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Carved.
.
vad:Modeling
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SculptureForm ;
rdfs:label "Modeling" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Additive sculpture - material built up." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Molded.
.
vad:Casting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SculptureForm ;
rdfs:label "Casting" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Molten material poured into a mold." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Cast.
.
vad:Assemblage
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SculptureForm ;
rdfs:label "Assemblage" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Joining various materials or found objects." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Assembled.
.
vad:KineticSculpture
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SculptureForm ;
rdfs:label "Kinetic Sculpture" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Sculpture with moving parts." ;
.
vad:MobileSculpture
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:KineticSculpture ;
rdfs:label "Mobile Sculpture" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Suspended elements moving with air currents." ;
.
vad:DigitalSculpture
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SculptureForm ;
rdfs:label "Digital Sculpture" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Using software to shape 3D models." ;
.
vad:BlenderComposition
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DigitalSculpture ;
rdfs:label "Blender Composition" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A composition created with Blender software." ;
.
# Photography Form hierarchy
vad:PhotographyForm
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:VisualArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Photography Form" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Creating durable images by recording light." ;
.
vad:AnalogPhotography
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PhotographyForm ;
rdfs:label "Analog Photography" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Photography using film and chemical processes." ;
.
vad:DigitalPhotography
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PhotographyForm ;
rdfs:label "Digital Photography" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Photography using digital sensors." ;
.
# Digital Art Form hierarchy
vad:DigitalArtForm
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:VisualArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Digital Art Form" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Art created using digital technology." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces/encompasses CWVA DigitalArt, ComputerArt, NewMedia.
.
vad:DigitalIllustration
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DigitalArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Digital Illustration" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Illustration created using digital tools." ;
.
vad:GenerativeArt
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DigitalArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Generative Art" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Art created using autonomous systems or algorithms." ;
.
vad:LindenmayerSystemImage
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:GenerativeArt ;
rdfs:label "Lindenmayer System Image" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "An image generated by an L-system." ;
.
vad:InteractiveArt
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DigitalArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Interactive Art" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Viewer actively participates in the artwork experience." ;
.
vad:InternetArt
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DigitalArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Internet Art" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Art using the internet as its medium." ;
.
vad:VirtualRealityArt
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DigitalArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Virtual Reality Art" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Art created using VR technology." ;
.
vad:ComputerAnimation
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DigitalArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Computer Animation" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Creating moving images using computer software." ;
.
vad:ComputerGraphics
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DigitalArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Computer Graphics" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Visual content created using computers." ;
.
vad:DigitalGraphicImage
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ComputerGraphics ;
rdfs:label "Digital Graphic Image" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A visual representation created using digital tools." ;
.
vad:AIAssistedArt
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DigitalArtForm ;
rdfs:label "AI-Assisted Art" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Art created with AI assistance." ;
.
# Mixed Media Form
vad:MixedMediaForm
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:VisualArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Mixed Media Form" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Combines different artistic media and materials." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:MixedMedia.
.
vad:Collage
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:MixedMediaForm ;
rdfs:label "Collage" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Artwork made by gluing materials onto a surface." ;
.
# Time-Based Art Form
vad:TimeBasedArtForm
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Time-Based Art Form" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Art forms that unfold over time." ;
.
vad:VideoArt
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:TimeBasedArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Video Art" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Art using video technology." ;
.
vad:PerformanceArt
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:TimeBasedArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Performance Art" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Artwork created through actions performed by the artist." ;
.
# Spatial Art Form
vad:SpatialArtForm
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Spatial Art Form" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Art forms engaging with three-dimensional space." ;
.
vad:InstallationArt
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SpatialArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Installation Art" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Three-dimensional works transforming perception of space." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:Installation.
.
vad:EnvironmentalArt
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SpatialArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Environmental Art" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Art addressing environmental issues or using natural materials." ;
.
vad:LandArt
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SpatialArtForm ;
rdfs:label "Land Art" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Art made directly in the landscape." ;
.
# =============================================================================
# ART MATERIAL HIERARCHY (MERGED APO + CWVA)
# =============================================================================
vad:ArtMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtProduction ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Physical substances used to create art." ;
rdfs:label "Art Material" ;
.
vad:PrimaryMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Primary Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The main substance that becomes or carries the visible artwork." ;
.
vad:PaintingMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PrimaryMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Painting Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Substances used in painting: pigments, binders, solvents." ;
.
vad:Pigment
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaintingMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Pigment" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Finely ground powder giving paint its color." ;
.
vad:InorganicPigment
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Pigment ;
rdfs:label "Inorganic Pigment" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Pigments from mineral sources or synthesized inorganic compounds." ;
.
vad:MineralPigment
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:InorganicPigment ;
rdfs:label "Mineral Pigment" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Natural earth pigments such as ochre, ultramarine, cadmium." ;
.
vad:OrganicPigment
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Pigment ;
rdfs:label "Organic Pigment" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Pigments from carbon-based compounds." ;
.
vad:Vermilion
rdf:type vad:MineralPigment ;
rdfs:label "Vermillion" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Brilliant red pigment from cinnabar (mercury sulfide)." ;
.
vad:Paint
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaintingMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Paint" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A mixture of pigments in a binder." ;
.
vad:WatercolorPaint
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Paint ;
rdfs:label "Watercolor Paint" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Pigments in a water-soluble binder, typically gum arabic." ;
.
vad:DrawingMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PrimaryMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Drawing Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Materials for drawings: pencils, charcoal, ink, pastels." ;
.
vad:DryDrawingMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DrawingMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Dry Drawing Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Drawing materials not requiring a liquid vehicle." ;
.
vad:GraphiteMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DryDrawingMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Graphite Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Carbon used in pencils for drawing." ;
.
vad:CharcoalMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DryDrawingMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Charcoal Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Carbonized wood for drawing. Vine, compressed, willow charcoal." ;
.
vad:ChalkMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DryDrawingMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Chalk Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Soft carbonate rock used for drawing." ;
.
vad:PastelMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DryDrawingMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Pastel Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Powdered pigment bound with non-greasy binder in stick form." ;
.
vad:InkMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DrawingMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Ink Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Liquid pigment for drawing, writing, printing." ;
.
vad:SculpturalMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PrimaryMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Sculptural Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Materials for sculptures: clay, stone, metal, wood, plastic." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:SculptureMaterial.
.
vad:StoneMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SculpturalMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Stone Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Stone for sculpture: marble, granite, limestone, soapstone." ;
.
vad:MetalMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SculpturalMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Metal Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Metal for sculpture: bronze, steel, iron, aluminum, copper." ;
.
vad:ClayMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SculpturalMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Clay Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Clay for sculpture: earthenware, stoneware, porcelain bodies." ;
.
vad:WoodMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SculpturalMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Wood Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Wood for sculpture and carving." ;
.
vad:WaxMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SculpturalMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Wax Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Wax for sculpture: beeswax, paraffin, microcrystalline wax." ;
.
# Binding Agent hierarchy (replaces vad:Binder)
vad:BindingAgent
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Binding Agent" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Substance holding pigment particles together and adhering them to support." ;
skos:altLabel "Binder" ;
skos:altLabel "Vehicle" ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. Replaces vad:Binder.
.
vad:OilBinder
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:BindingAgent ;
rdfs:label "Oil Binder" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Drying oils used as binders in oil paints." ;
# MERGE NOTE: Replaces vad:DryingOil hierarchy.
.
vad:LinseedOil
rdf:type vad:OilBinder ;
rdfs:label "Linseed Oil" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Drying oil from flax seeds. Raw, refined, cold-pressed, sun-thickened." ;
.
vad:WalnutOil
rdf:type vad:OilBinder ;
rdfs:label "Walnut Oil" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Drying oil with less yellowing than linseed." ;
.
vad:PoppySeedOil
rdf:type vad:OilBinder ;
rdfs:label "Poppy Seed Oil" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Pale drying oil with slow drying time." ;
.
vad:SafflowerOil
rdf:type vad:OilBinder ;
rdfs:label "Safflower Oil" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Drying oil similar to poppy seed oil." ;
.
vad:WaterBasedBinder
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:BindingAgent ;
rdfs:label "Water-Based Binder" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Water-soluble binders for watercolor, gouache, acrylic." ;
.
vad:GumArabic
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:WaterBasedBinder ;
rdfs:label "Gum Arabic" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Primary binder for watercolor and gouache." ;
.
vad:AcrylicPolymerEmulsion
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:WaterBasedBinder ;
rdfs:label "Acrylic Polymer Emulsion" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Binder used in acrylic paints." ;
.
vad:TemperaBinder
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:BindingAgent ;
rdfs:label "Tempera Binder" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Binders for tempera: egg yolk, casein." ;
.
vad:EggYolk
rdf:type vad:TemperaBinder ;
rdfs:label "Egg Yolk" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Yellow part of egg, used as tempera binder." ;
.
vad:EncausticBinder
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:BindingAgent ;
rdfs:label "Encaustic Binder" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Beeswax-based binder, often with damar resin." ;
.
# Support hierarchy (replaces vad:Substrate)
vad:Support
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Support" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The surface upon which artwork is created. Replaces Substrate." ;
skos:altLabel "Substrate" ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. Replaces vad:Substrate.
.
# Paper Support hierarchy
vad:PaperSupport
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Support ;
rdfs:label "Paper Support" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Paper used as a support for artwork." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. Replaces vad:Paper as subclass of Substrate.
.
vad:WatercolorPaper
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaperSupport ;
rdfs:label "Watercolor Paper" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Paper specifically designed for watercolor painting, available in different textures (hot-pressed, cold-pressed, rough) and weights." ;
skos:altLabel "Watercolor Media" ;
skos:scopeNote "When watercolorists say 'watercolor media,' they typically mean paper types - not the paint itself." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New to CWVA.
.
vad:ColdPressedPaper
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:WatercolorPaper ;
rdfs:label "Cold-Pressed Paper" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Textured watercolor paper with a slightly bumpy surface. Also called CP or NOT (Not Hot-Pressed)." ;
skos:altLabel "CP Paper" ;
skos:altLabel "NOT Paper" ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New to CWVA.
.
vad:HotPressedPaper
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:WatercolorPaper ;
rdfs:label "Hot-Pressed Paper" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Smooth watercolor paper, ideal for detailed work and illustrations." ;
skos:altLabel "HP Paper" ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New to CWVA.
.
vad:RoughPaper
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:WatercolorPaper ;
rdfs:label "Rough Paper" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The most heavily textured watercolor paper." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New to CWVA.
.
vad:DrawingPaper
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaperSupport ;
rdfs:label "Drawing Paper" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Paper designed for dry media like pencil, charcoal, and pastels." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New to CWVA.
.
vad:PrintmakingPaper
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaperSupport ;
rdfs:label "Printmaking Paper" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Paper designed for printmaking processes." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New to CWVA.
.
vad:PastelPaper
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaperSupport ;
rdfs:label "Pastel Paper" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Paper with texture designed to hold pastel pigments." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New to CWVA.
.
# Fabric Support hierarchy
vad:FabricSupport
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Support ;
rdfs:label "Fabric Support" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Fabric used as a support for artwork." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New organizational level.
.
vad:Canvas
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:FabricSupport ;
rdfs:label "Canvas" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A durable, woven fabric (usually cotton or linen) stretched over a wooden frame, serving as a sturdy, popular surface for painting." ;
# MERGE NOTE: CWVA class preserved, now under FabricSupport.
.
vad:LinenCanvas
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Canvas ;
rdfs:label "Linen Canvas" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Canvas made from linen fibers. Available in fine, medium, and coarse weave." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New to CWVA.
.
vad:CottonCanvas
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Canvas ;
rdfs:label "Cotton Canvas" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Canvas made from cotton fibers." ;
skos:altLabel "Cotton Duck" ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New to CWVA.
.
# Rigid Support hierarchy
vad:RigidSupport
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Support ;
rdfs:label "Rigid Support" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Rigid surfaces used as supports for artwork." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New organizational level.
.
vad:Panel
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:RigidSupport ;
rdfs:label "Panel" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A rigid painting support, often wood or hardboard, providing a durable, warp-resistant surface." ;
# MERGE NOTE: CWVA class preserved, now under RigidSupport.
.
vad:WoodPanel
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Panel ;
rdfs:label "Wood Panel" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A panel made from wood, including hardboard, MDF, and plywood." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New to CWVA.
.
vad:MetalSupport
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:RigidSupport ;
rdfs:label "Metal Support" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Metal surfaces used as supports, including copper plates and aluminum panels." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New to CWVA.
.
# Surface / Preparation Layer
vad:Surface
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Support ;
rdfs:label "Surface" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The outer layer or material on which an artwork is created, influencing texture and how media is applied." ;
# MERGE NOTE: CWVA class preserved, now under Support.
.
vad:Ground
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Surface ;
rdfs:label "Ground" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The foundational layer applied to a support before painting or drawing begins." ;
# MERGE NOTE: CWVA class preserved.
.
vad:GessoPanel
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Ground ;
rdfs:label "Gesso Panel" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A rigid support coated with gesso, a white primer." ;
# MERGE NOTE: CWVA class preserved under Ground.
.
vad:PrimedCanvas
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Surface ;
rdfs:label "Primed Canvas" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A canvas treated with a preparatory coating (primer, often gesso)." ;
# MERGE NOTE: CWVA class preserved.
.
vad:Sizing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Surface ;
rdfs:label "Sizing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Treatment that controls absorbency, preventing media from soaking in too much." ;
# MERGE NOTE: CWVA class preserved.
.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Additive - What practitioners call "medium" (e.g., glazing medium)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
vad:Additive
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Additive" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Substances mixed with paint or other materials to modify their properties such as flow, texture, drying time, or transparency. THIS IS WHAT PRACTITIONERS OFTEN CALL 'MEDIUM' (e.g., 'glazing medium', 'granulation medium', 'Liquin')." ;
skos:altLabel "Medium (practitioner sense)" ;
skos:altLabel "Painting Medium" ;
skos:scopeNote "In oil painting, 'oil medium' refers to additives like Liquin or stand oil. In watercolor, 'watercolor medium' refers to additives like granulation medium or ox gall. This class disambiguates that usage from other meanings of 'medium'." ;
.
vad:OilPaintingAdditive
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Additive ;
rdfs:label "Oil Painting Additive" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Substances added to oil paint to modify its working properties. What oil painters call 'oil mediums' - including drying agents, flow modifiers, texture additives, and glazing mediums." ;
skos:altLabel "Oil Medium" ;
.
vad:DryingAdditive
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:OilPaintingAdditive ;
rdfs:label "Drying Additive" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Substances that accelerate the drying time of oil paints, such as cobalt drier, Japan drier, and alkyd mediums like Liquin or Galkyd." ;
.
vad:FlowAdditive
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:OilPaintingAdditive ;
rdfs:label "Flow Additive" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Substances that modify the flow characteristics of oil paint, such as stand oil and Venice turpentine." ;
.
vad:TextureAdditive
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:OilPaintingAdditive ;
rdfs:label "Texture Additive" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Substances that modify the texture of paint, such as cold wax medium, impasto medium, and sand texture medium." ;
.
vad:GlazingAdditive
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:OilPaintingAdditive ;
rdfs:label "Glazing Additive" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Mediums used for creating transparent glazing layers in oil painting." ;
.
vad:OilSolvent
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:OilPaintingAdditive ;
rdfs:label "Oil Solvent" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Substances used to thin oil paint or clean brushes, such as turpentine, odorless mineral spirit (OMS), and spike lavender oil." ;
.
vad:WatercolorAdditive
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Additive ;
rdfs:label "Watercolor Additive" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Substances added to watercolor paint to modify its working properties. What watercolorists call 'watercolor mediums' - including flow modifiers, texture modifiers, and masking agents." ;
skos:altLabel "Watercolor Medium" ;
.
vad:FlowModifier
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:WatercolorAdditive ;
rdfs:label "Flow Modifier" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Substances that modify how watercolor flows and spreads, such as ox gall and flow improver." ;
.
vad:TextureModifier
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:WatercolorAdditive ;
rdfs:label "Texture Modifier" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Substances that create texture effects in watercolor, such as granulation medium." ;
.
vad:GranulationMedium
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:TextureModifier ;
rdfs:label "Granulation Medium" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A watercolor additive that enhances the granulating properties of pigments, creating a textured appearance." ;
.
vad:MaskingAgent
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:WatercolorAdditive ;
rdfs:label "Masking Agent" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Substances used to protect areas of paper from paint, such as masking fluid and frisket." ;
.
vad:AcrylicAdditive
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Additive ;
rdfs:label "Acrylic Additive" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Substances added to acrylic paint to modify its working properties, such as retarder medium, gel medium, molding paste, and pouring medium." ;
skos:altLabel "Acrylic Medium" ;
.
vad:RetarderMedium
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:AcrylicAdditive ;
rdfs:label "Retarder Medium" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "An acrylic additive that slows drying time, allowing longer working time for blending." ;
.
vad:GelMedium
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:AcrylicAdditive ;
rdfs:label "Gel Medium" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "An acrylic additive that increases body and transparency. Available in soft, regular, and heavy consistencies." ;
.
vad:PouringMedium
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:AcrylicAdditive ;
rdfs:label "Pouring Medium" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "An acrylic additive that creates fluid consistency suitable for pour painting techniques." ;
.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Protective Finish (from APO)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
vad:ProtectiveFinish
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Protective Finish" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Applied after artwork is complete to protect the surface." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New to CWVA.
.
vad:Varnish
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ProtectiveFinish ;
rdfs:label "Varnish" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A protective coating applied to finished paintings." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New to CWVA.
.
vad:Fixative
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ProtectiveFinish ;
rdfs:label "Fixative" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A spray applied to drawings to prevent smudging." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New to CWVA.
.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Implement / Tool (CWVA Implement preserved, APO Tool hierarchy added)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#vad:Implement
# rdf:type owl:Class ;
# rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtMaterial ;
# rdfs:label "Implement" ;
# rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
# rdfs:seeAlso ;
# rdfs:comment "A tool or instrument used in the creation of art." ;
# # MERGE NOTE: CWVA class preserved. See also vad:Tool under ArtProduction.
#.
vad:Image
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Image" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A visual representation of something, such as a photograph, painting, or drawing." ;
# MERGE NOTE: CWVA class preserved.
.
vad:Photograph
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Image ;
rdfs:label "Photograph" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "An image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface." ;
# MERGE NOTE: CWVA class preserved.
.
vad:JPG
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Photograph ;
rdfs:label "JPG" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A common file format for digital images." ;
# MERGE NOTE: CWVA class preserved.
.
vad:PrintingMaterial
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Printing Material" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Materials used in printmaking and 3D printing." ;
# MERGE NOTE: CWVA class preserved.
.
vad:PrintingForm
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PrintingMaterial ;
rdfs:label "Printing Form" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The matrix or surface used to transfer an image (e.g., woodblock, etching plate, screen)." ;
# MERGE NOTE: CWVA class preserved.
.
# =============================================================================
# TECHNIQUE HIERARCHY (FROM APO)
# =============================================================================
# MERGE NOTE: APO Technique hierarchy added under ArtProduction.
# CWVA Process subclasses NOT used per requirements.
# =============================================================================
vad:Technique
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtProduction ;
rdfs:label "Technique" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The specific methods, skills, and processes an artist employs to manipulate materials and create an artwork." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New top-level class under ArtProduction.
.
vad:PaintingTechnique
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Technique ;
rdfs:label "Painting Technique" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Techniques specific to painting." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:ApplicationTechnique
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaintingTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Application Technique" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Techniques for applying paint to a surface." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Impasto
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ApplicationTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Impasto" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Thick application of paint creating texture." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Glazing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ApplicationTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Glazing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Applying thin, transparent layers of paint." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Scumbling
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ApplicationTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Scumbling" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Applying a thin, opaque layer over dried paint." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:WetOnWet
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ApplicationTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Wet-on-Wet" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Applying wet paint onto still-wet paint." ;
skos:altLabel "Alla Prima" ;
skos:altLabel "Wet-in-Wet" ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:DryBrush
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ApplicationTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Dry Brush" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Using a brush with minimal paint for textured effects." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Sfumato
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ApplicationTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Sfumato" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Soft, gradual blending of tones and colors." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Chiaroscuro
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ApplicationTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Chiaroscuro" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Strong contrast between light and dark." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:WatercolorTechnique
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PaintingTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Watercolor Technique" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Techniques specific to watercolor painting." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:FlatWash
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:WatercolorTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Flat Wash" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "An even application of watercolor across an area." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:GradedWash
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:WatercolorTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Graded Wash" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A wash that gradually transitions from dark to light." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Lifting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:WatercolorTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Lifting" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Removing wet or dried watercolor to create highlights." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:NegativePainting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:WatercolorTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Negative Painting" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Painting around shapes to define them." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:DrawingTechnique
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Technique ;
rdfs:label "Drawing Technique" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Techniques specific to drawing." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Hatching
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DrawingTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Hatching" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Using parallel lines to create tone and shading." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:CrossHatching
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DrawingTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Cross-Hatching" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Overlapping sets of hatched lines." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Stippling
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DrawingTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Stippling" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Using dots to create tone and texture." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Blending
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DrawingTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Blending" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Smoothing transitions between tones." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:ContourDrawing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DrawingTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Contour Drawing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Drawing the outline or contours of a subject." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:PrintmakingTechnique
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Technique ;
rdfs:label "Printmaking Technique" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Techniques specific to printmaking." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:SculptureTechnique
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Technique ;
rdfs:label "Sculpture Technique" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Techniques specific to sculpture." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:MoldMaking
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SculptureTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Mold Making" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Creating molds for casting sculpture." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Welding
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SculptureTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Welding" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Joining metal pieces using heat." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Patination
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SculptureTechnique ;
rdfs:label "Patination" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Applying or developing a surface patina on sculpture." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
# =============================================================================
# TOOL HIERARCHY (FROM APO)
# =============================================================================
vad:Tool
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtProduction ;
rdfs:label "Tool" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Instruments used to apply or manipulate materials in art production." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. New top-level class under ArtProduction.
.
vad:MarkMakingTool
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Tool ;
rdfs:label "Mark-Making Tool" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Tools used to make marks on a surface." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Brush
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:MarkMakingTool ;
rdfs:label "Brush" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A tool with bristles used for applying paint." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:RoundBrush
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Brush ;
rdfs:label "Round Brush" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A brush with a round ferrule and pointed tip." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:FlatBrush
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Brush ;
rdfs:label "Flat Brush" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A brush with a flat ferrule and straight edge." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Pen
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:MarkMakingTool ;
rdfs:label "Pen" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A tool for writing or drawing with ink." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:DipPen
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Pen ;
rdfs:label "Dip Pen" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A pen with a nib that is dipped in ink." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Pencil
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:MarkMakingTool ;
rdfs:label "Pencil" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A drawing implement with a core of graphite or colored material." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. Distinct from PencilDrawing (art form).
.
vad:GraphitePencil
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Pencil ;
rdfs:label "Graphite Pencil" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A pencil with a graphite core." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:ColoredPencil
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Pencil ;
rdfs:label "Colored Pencil" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A pencil with a colored core." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:PaletteKnife
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Tool ;
rdfs:label "Palette Knife" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A tool for mixing and applying paint." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Airbrush
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Tool ;
rdfs:label "Airbrush" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A tool that sprays paint using compressed air." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:ShapingTool
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Tool ;
rdfs:label "Shaping Tool" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Tools used to shape sculptural materials." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Chisel
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ShapingTool ;
rdfs:label "Chisel" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A tool with a cutting edge for carving." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:ModelingTool
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ShapingTool ;
rdfs:label "Modeling Tool" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Tools for shaping clay and other modeling materials." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:PrintmakingTool
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Tool ;
rdfs:label "Printmaking Tool" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Tools used in printmaking processes." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Brayer
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PrintmakingTool ;
rdfs:label "Brayer" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A roller used to spread ink in printmaking." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Gouge
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PrintmakingTool ;
rdfs:label "Gouge" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A tool for cutting relief printing blocks." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:DigitalTool
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Tool ;
rdfs:label "Digital Tool" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Digital devices used for creating art." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:GraphicsTablet
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DigitalTool ;
rdfs:label "Graphics Tablet" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A pressure-sensitive input device for digital drawing." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:DigitalStylus
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:DigitalTool ;
rdfs:label "Digital Stylus" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A pen-like input device for digital drawing." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:SupportTool
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Tool ;
rdfs:label "Support Tool" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Tools that support the artwork or artist during creation." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Easel
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SupportTool ;
rdfs:label "Easel" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A stand for holding a canvas or panel during painting." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Palette
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:SupportTool ;
rdfs:label "Palette" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A flat surface for mixing and holding paints." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. CWVA had Palette under Process; moved to Tool.
.
# =============================================================================
# PROCESS HIERARCHY (FROM APO)
# =============================================================================
# MERGE NOTE: APO Process hierarchy used. CWVA Process subclasses NOT used.
# =============================================================================
vad:Process
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtProduction ;
rdfs:label "Process" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Stages and workflows involved in art production." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO. Replaces CWVA Process with APO hierarchy.
.
vad:PreparationProcess
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Process ;
rdfs:label "Preparation Process" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Steps to prepare materials and surfaces before creating artwork." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:StretchingCanvas
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PreparationProcess ;
rdfs:label "Stretching Canvas" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The process of stretching canvas over a frame." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:ApplyingGesso
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PreparationProcess ;
rdfs:label "Applying Gesso" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The process of applying gesso primer to a surface." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:ToningSurface
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PreparationProcess ;
rdfs:label "Toning Surface" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Applying a toned ground to a surface." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:MixingColors
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PreparationProcess ;
rdfs:label "Mixing Colors" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The process of mixing paints to create desired colors." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:CreationProcess
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Process ;
rdfs:label "Creation Process" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The main creative stages of producing artwork." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Sketching
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:CreationProcess ;
rdfs:label "Sketching" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Creating preliminary drawings." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Underpainting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:CreationProcess ;
rdfs:label "Underpainting" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Creating an initial layer to establish values and composition." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:BlockingIn
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:CreationProcess ;
rdfs:label "Blocking In" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Establishing the main shapes and color areas." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Refining
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:CreationProcess ;
rdfs:label "Refining" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Developing and improving the artwork." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Detailing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:CreationProcess ;
rdfs:label "Detailing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Adding fine details to the artwork." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:FinishingProcess
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Process ;
rdfs:label "Finishing Process" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Final steps to complete and protect artwork." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Varnishing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:FinishingProcess ;
rdfs:label "Varnishing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Applying protective varnish to finished artwork." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Framing
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:FinishingProcess ;
rdfs:label "Framing" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Placing artwork in a frame for display and protection." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Matting
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:FinishingProcess ;
rdfs:label "Matting" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Adding a mat board around artwork for framing." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:PreservationProcess
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Process ;
rdfs:label "Preservation Process" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Processes for preserving and conserving artwork." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Cleaning
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PreservationProcess ;
rdfs:label "Cleaning" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Cleaning artwork surfaces." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Restoration
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PreservationProcess ;
rdfs:label "Restoration" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Restoring damaged artwork." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
vad:Conservation
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:PreservationProcess ;
rdfs:label "Conservation" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Preserving artwork to prevent deterioration." ;
# MERGE NOTE: From APO.
.
# =============================================================================
# PRESERVED CWVA CLASSES (Art History, Markets, Roles, etc.)
# =============================================================================
vad:Aesthetics
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:label "Aesthetics" ;
rdfs:comment "The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, art, and taste." ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:Art ;
.
vad:ArtHistory
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Art history" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The academic study of the development of art from its origins to the present day." ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ContextualAnalysis ;
.
vad:Provenance
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "provenance" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The chronology of the ownership, custody or location of a historical object." ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ContextualAnalysis ;
.
vad:VisualAnalysis
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Art types" ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:VisualArts ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A foundational, structured method of interpreting art by closely observing and breaking down its visual elements?such as composition, color, line, texture, and light?to understand how they create meaning or communicate a message." ;
.
vad:FormalAnalysis
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "formal analysis" ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:VisualAnalysis ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "The systematic study of an artwork's visual components?line, color, shape, texture, and composition to understand how they create meaning, mood, or structure." ;
.
vad:ContextualAnalysis
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "contextual analysis" ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:VisualAnalysis ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Evaluates a piece by examining the historical, cultural, social, and political circumstances surrounding its creation, rather than just its visual appearance." ;
skos:scopeNote "A principled home for vad:CulturalContext and vad:Iconography when the time comes." ;
.
vad:ArtTypes
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Art types" ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtHistory ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "A specific category or form of artistic expression." ;
.
vad:Abstract
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Abstract" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy ;
rdfs:seeAlso ;
rdfs:comment "Art that does not attempt to represent external reality." ;
rdfs:subClassOf vad:ArtTypes ;
.
vad:NonObjective
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Non objective" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy